| Mayurakshi River | |
| Mor River | |
| River | |
| Country | India |
|---|---|
| States | Jharkhand, West Bengal |
| Tributaries | |
| - right | Kopai River |
| City | Suri |
| Landmarks | Massanjore Dam, Tilpara Barrage |
| Source | Trikut Hill |
| - coordinates | |
| Length | 250 km (155 mi) |
Mayurakshi River (also called Mor River) is a major river in West Bengal, India, with a long history of devastating floods.
It has its source on Trikut hill, about 16 km from Deoghar in Jharkhand state.[1] It flows through Jharkhand and then through the districts of Birbhum and Murshidabad in West Bengal before flowing into the Hooghly River. The river is about 250 km long.[2]
Mayurakshi literally means the eye of a peacock (mayur/mor=peacock, akshi=eye). Mayurakshi though named after its crystal clear water of the dry seasons, floods its valley during the monsoons. Even after the construction of the Massanjore dam, it wreaks havoc with its floods, washing away embankments.
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The Mayurakshi is famous for its strong current. For seven or eight months in the year the river is a desert – sands stretching from shore to shore for a mile and a half. But when the rains come, she is terrible, demoniac. She races along, four to five miles (8 km) wide, her deep grey water swamping everything within reach. Then comes once in a while the Harpa flood, when the water, six to seven cubits deep, rushes into villages nearby and washes away homes and granaries and all else in its way. This does not happen very often though. The last time was about twenty years ago.[3]
Many of the rivers that originate on the Chota Nagpur Plateau and flow down into West Bengal are rain fed and have for ages wrought havoc with their seasonal floods. This includes the Mayurakshi. Annual rainfall over the basin varies between 765 and 1607 mm with an average of 1200 mm of which 80% occurs during the monsoon season from June to September.[4]
Some of the historically important floods in this river were recorded by L.S.S. O'Malley in the Bengal District Gazetteers for the districts of Murshidabad and Birbhum. For the district of Birbhum, O'Malley has noted “in 1787 there was a high flood which it is said, in some places swept off villages, inhabitants and cattle, the crops on the ground, with everything that was moveable.” O'Malley also recorded that “in 1806 the Mayurakshi and Ajay had a sudden extraordinary rise and floods washed away whole villages.” In September 1902, because of heavy rains the Brahmani and the Mayurakshi overflowed their banks and inundated the surrounding country in some places to the depth of 12 to 20 ft (6.1 m) [5]
From the counterpart rupee fund created through supplies of wheat and other materials from Canada for use in India, Canada devoted those rupees to the further development of the Mayurakshi dam project.[6] The Massanjore dam (also called Canada Dam), across the Mayurakshi, was commissioned in 1955. It was formally inaugurated by Lester B. Pearson, Foreign Minister of Canada.[7] Unfortunately, the Massanjore dam located near Dumka in the state of Jharkhand (erstwhile Bihar) was not allowed to have any flood reserve. Simultaneously with construction of dams the state government in 1956, selectively took over flood control embankments till then maintained by the landlords or local bodies.[5] Massanjore dam is about 65 km upstream from Siuri in West Bengal. It is 155 feet (47 m) high from its base and is 2,170 feet (660 m) long. The reservoir has an area of 16,650 acres (67.4 km²) when full and has a storage capacity of 500,000 acre feet (620,000,000 m3). It had cost Rs. 16.10 crore.[2]
See also – Massanjore travel guide from Wikitravel
Apart from the Massanjore Dam there is a barrage, some 32 km downstream, at Tilpara, near Siuri. The barrage is 1,013 feet (309 m) long and had cost Rs. 1.11 crore.[2]
In the four decades between 1960 and 2000 only five years could be identified as flood free years, when only less than 500 km² of area were inundated. After major floods in 1978, West Bengal suffered consecutively in 1998, 1999 and 2000. In 1978, seventy two hours of continuous and concentrated rainfall over the western river basin areas of the Bhagirathi viz. from the Pagla-Bansloi to the Ajay, generated so huge flood volume that all embankments on the eastern side of the Bhagirathi were almost washed away and the whole of Nadia district, a larger part of Murshidabad district and northern areas of North 24 Parganas district were flooded and remained underwater for a long period of time.[5][8] Construction of embankments is the only structural measure available for the provision of relief to the people. Major embankments line long stretches of such rivers as Mayurakshi, Dwarka, Brahmani and Ajay [5][9]
Massanjore dam has ensured irrigation of some 600,000 acres (2,400 km²) of land with an estimated resultant increased yield of approximately 400,000 tons of food annually [10] and generation of 2,000 kW of electric power.[11]
The Mayurakshi is fed by tributaries Brahmani, Dwaraka, Bakreshwar and Kopai.[12]
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